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Hyoscine hydrobromide, also known as scopolamine (USAN), hyoscine (BAN), levo-duboisine, or burundanga, and sold as Scopoderm, is a tropane alkaloid drug with muscarinic antagonist effects. It is among the secondary metabolites of plants from Solanaceae (nightshade) family of plants, such as henbane, jimson weed (''Datura''), angel's trumpets (''Brugmansia''), and corkwood (''Duboisia'').〔 Scopolamine exerts its effects by acting as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; it is thus classified as an anticholinergic, antimuscarinic drug. Although it is usually referred to as a nonspecific antagonist,〔http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=scopolamine+nonselective&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C11〕 there is indirect evidence for m1-receptor subtype specificity. (See the article on the parasympathetic nervous system for details of this physiology.) Its use in medicine is relatively limited, with its chief uses being in the treatment of motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Scopolamine is named after the plant genus ''Scopolia''. The name "hyoscine" is from the scientific name for henbane, ''Hyoscyamus niger''. ==Medical use== Scopolamine has a number of uses in medicine, where it is used to treat: * Postoperative nausea and vomiting and sea sickness, leading to its use by scuba divers * Motion sickness (where it is often applied as a transdermal patch behind the ear) * Gastrointestinal spasms * Renal or biliary spasms * Aid in gastrointestinal radiology and endoscopy * Irritable bowel syndrome * Clozapine-induced hypersalivation (drooling) * Bowel colic * Eye inflammation〔http://www.medicinenet.com/scopolamine_drops-ophthalmic/article.htm〕 It is sometimes used as a premedication (especially to reduce respiratory tract secretions) to surgery, mostly commonly by injection.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hyoscine hydrobromide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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